Substance: DXM
info About
Dextrometorphan is a dissociative and hallucinogenic substance of the morphinan family. Metabolized by the body into DXO, it mainly acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, but also as a σ-1 receptor agonist and serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor.
bubble_chart Synergistic tendency
Increase
The effects of these substances are multiplied or greatly modified by their combination.
Reliability: inferred.
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error_outline Estimated risk
Dangerous
The combination of these substances presents major physical or mental risks.
Reliability: hypothetical.
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Although testimonials are rare, most agree on the strong potentiation: for example, here, symptoms suggestive of serotonin syndrome appear more than 10 hours after MDMA ingestion. Moreover, this combo doesn't seem very pleasant, with the expression "I thought I was going to die" recurring regularly.
Several factors may explain this:
- MDMA is an inhibitor of the enzymes that metabolize DXM (
CYP2D6
andCYP3A4
). As highlighted by this study, its elimination is therefore slowed down; consequently, its concentration and that of its active metabolite (DXO) are altered. This is the explanation given by DanceSafe. - As MDMA is a serotonin releaser and DXM a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, serotonin overdose may be suspected: such is the point made by PsychonautWiki in classifying this combo as dangerous.
Some research is looking at this combination from a therapeutic point of view: this study, for example, tests the neuroprotective effect of DXM on the serotonergic toxicity of MDMA. Nothing is ever simple with the brain.
menu_book About risks
According to this study, DXM increases heart rate and blood pressure. As is also the case with MDMA (see this meta-study), the risk of cardiovascular complications probably increases in combination.
The risk of serotonin syndrome is difficult to assess: on the one hand, meta-studies such as this one rate it as low; but they seem to extrapolate from SSRI antidepressants rather than from DXM-specific data (or perhaps they refer to therapeutic doses, which are lower than recreational doses). On the other hand, the few feedback reports alert us to worrying effects suggestive of serotonin syndrome. For the latter reason, secondary sources such as PsychonautWiki indicate that this combo is dangerous.
Finally, Erowid reports that body temperature dysregulation is a common side effect of DXM. As is also the case with MDMA, DanceSafe indicates a risk of hyperthermia ("heat stroke"), which is toxic to the organs.
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attachment Sources 13
- https://dancesafe.org/dxm Archived open_in_new
- https://dancesafe.org/dxm/ Archived open_in_new
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21456632 Archived open_in_new
- https://www.nature.com/articles/srep38695 Archived open_in_new
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6033155/ Archived open_in_new
- https://erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/faq/dxm_side_effects.shtml Archived open_in_new
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-012-2680-6 Archived open_in_new
- https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan#Dextrorphan Archived open_in_new
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1080/00048670701449237 Not archived
- https://www.bluelight.org/xf/threads/dxm-and-mdma.500025/post-8807320 Capture requested
- https://psychonautwiki.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan#Dangerous_interactions Archived open_in_new
- https://www.reddit.com/r/dxm/comments/gzhsz0/dangerous_combo_warning_dxm_mdma Archived open_in_new
- https://www.reddit.com/r/dxm/comments/gzhsz0/dangerous_combo_warning_dxm_mdma/ Archived open_in_new
bubble_chart Synergistic tendency
Mixed
The combination of these substances attenuates some of their effects and increases others.
Reliability: unknown.
error_outline Estimated risk
Unsafe
The combination of these substances presents non-negligible physical or mental risks.
Reliability: hypothetical.
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Les effets psychotropes de cette combinaison n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études scientifiques, mais on peut faire des suppositions à partir des propriétés des molécules seules et des retours disponibles.
Le DXM et son métabolite le DXO sont des antagonistes NMDA. Couplés aux effets dépresseurs de l'alcool (agoniste GABAa et antagoniste NMDA), on peut au moins s'attendre à une addition des effets de confusion, d'étourdissement et de somnolence. En effet, des témoignages tels que celui-ci et celui-là montrent que l'alcool et le DXM se potentialisent, entraînant des ivresses plus prononcées qu'avec chaque substance seule. Cet usager rapporte que cette combinaison l'aurait souvent rendu malade.
D'après ce témoignage, les effets de l'alcool auraient tendance à prendre le pas sur ceux du DXM, amplifiant la désorientation au détriment des hallucinations (d'après celui-ci). Cette usagère qualifie l'expérience de "bordélique", et lui ayant laissé un souvenir amer.
La potentialisation semble plus ou moins forte selon les personnes (comparer par exemple ces deux témoignage : un et deux). Cela pourrait dépendre de variations métaboliques entre les individus (cette toute petite étude suggère que les effets subjectifs du DXM dépendraient du phénotype CYP2D6), ou de sensibilités différentes aux pharmacologies complexes de chacune de ces substances.
menu_book About risks
L'alcool et le DXM ayant des effets dépresseurs du système nerveux central, il y a au moins une addition de la confusion, de l'étourdissement et de la somnolence. C'est pourquoi la base de données drugs.com, destinée aux professionnels de santé, déconseille cette combinaison aux dosages thérapeutiques et indique un risque modéré. On peut supposer que celui-ci est élevé dans le cas d'une consommation récréative à plus fort dosages.
En effet, TripSit indique un risque élevé de pertes de conscience qui, couplées aux nausées, peuvent entraîner des suffocations (s'étouffer avec sa langue ou son vomi). Le site conseille de ne pas dépasser le "1er plateau" de DXM. De la même manière, cet usager recommande de rester sous 70mg de DXM, au risque sinon de subir céphalée, "semi-coma" et dépression respiratoire. Pour éviter la surdose, celui-ci conseille de commencer par le DXM et de boire l'alcool très progressivement.
Des usager·es mettent en garde contre des dommages au foie, peut-être en raison de la présence de paracétamol dans certaines préparations de DXM. En effet, la consommation chronique ou massive d'alcool multiplie l'hépatotoxicité du paracétamol (voir cette revue de littérature).